The smear should occupy the central area of the slide and be marginfree at the edges. The video shows the procedure for preparation of a peripheral blood smear and its staining prior to observation under a microscope. Examination of a blood smear is an integral part of a hemogram. Red blood cells, which carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Introduction examination of peripheral blood smear is an in expensive but powerful diagnostic tool in veterinary hematology. Purpose and criteria for blood smear scan, blood smear.
The smear offers a window into the functional status of the bone marrow, the factory. The blood smear should be evaluated in all cases where a platelet disorder is suspected. May 01, 2014 leukemia is a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Blood picture peripheral blood smear examination online. Pdf rbc histogram as supplementary diagnostic tool with. A good quality smear, thorough examination and proper interpretation in line with patients clinical state should be ensured by the haematopathologist. The test request form must be completed with patient history, including pertinent clinical information and physicians name and telephone number. Blood smear examination is usually performed in conjunction with a complete blood count in order to investigate abnormal results or confirm results that the automated analyzer has flagged as unreliable. The peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. An accurate peripheral blood smear report can elucidate a vast spectrum of hematologic disorders, guide further testing, and have a critical impact on patient care. A blood smear scan serves to at least a verify the flagged automated hematology results and b determine if a manual differential leukocyte count needs to be performed. Peripheral smear is also known as peripheral blood smear. Dr lal pathlabs offers home collection booking service for blood picture peripheral blood smear examination to test for health check up. Before a patient is prescribed a blood smear test, certain signs and symptoms should be checked.
The body of the smear should be scanned for proteinaceous background material, identification of the monolayer and again, large cells and microfilaria. A blood filmor peripheral blood smearis a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. Peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. Peripheral blood smear clinical methods ncbi bookshelf. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis ehrlichiosis cdc. For a blood smear test, a laboratory professional examines the slide under a microscope and looks at the size, shape, and number of different types of blood cells. In conclusion, cbc and peripheral blood examination are one of the most commonly ordered tests that provides important information about. I 0 an examination at low power 10x ocular, 10x objective is first performed to evaluate the quality of the smear, ascertain the approximate number of white blood cells and platelets, and to detect rouleaux formation, platelet clumps, and leukocyte clumps and other abnormalities visible.
Peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. Jul 15, 2019 a peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Peripheral blood smear examination medical laboratories. Complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film, its. Jan 17, 2017 the video shows the procedure for preparation of a peripheral blood smear and its staining prior to observation under a microscope. Jaundice, fever, fatigue, nose bleeding, bone pain, spleen enhancement in size, if the patient is prone to these symptoms then heshe should undergo peripheral smear examination.
A well made peripheral smear is thick at one end and progressively thinner at the opposite end. View details of cost of test, pre test information and report availability on dr lal pathlabs. Peripheral blood film or peripheral blood smear or peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological blood disorders. Furthermore, lymphocytosis cases are usually neglected by the clinicians without proper clinicopathological workup. Pap smear as the cellular structure is better preserved because the cells are fixed immediately. Mar 28, 2014 peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. Hematopathology consultation, peripheral smear labcorp. The lateral edges are where large cells such as monocytes, immunoblasts, immature cells, and blasts are often deposited.
Examination of the peripheral blood film and correlation. Jun 08, 2018 the peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. The feathered edge should be scanned for platelet clumps, large cells and microfilaria. It is simply a thin smear of peripheral blood that contains the cellular components of circulating blood pool. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination clinical. The peripheral blood film remains a very useful tool in hematological assessment. Peripheral blood smear are usually examined to investigate hematological problems and occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood. A peripheral blood smear pbs or blood film is required to be made from capillary blood or from a drop of blood from an edta anticoagulated blood sample. A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide. During the first week of illness, a microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear might reveal morulae microcolonies of ehrlichiae in the cytoplasm of white blood cells and is highly suggestive of a diagnosis. Part 2 examination of peripheral blood smear youtube.
Time effect storage artifacts of anticoagulant edta on. Examination of the peripheral blood smear begins on low power. Blood smear examination a powerful tool for clinical. Practical challenges in peripheral blood smear evaluation. Hematological examination hematological examination including hb%, pcv, red cell indices, platelet count and total white cell count with differential count should be done on peripheral smears stained with field a and b stains.
Blood smears are needed for microscopic examination of the blood. Many hematological diagnoses depend upon this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis can be established from the careful examination of the blood film. Microscopic examination of the shape, size, and coloration of red blood cells is useful for determining the cause of anemia. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Peripheral smear examination anemia white blood cell. Peripheral smear examination test test results, normal. The four broad subtypes most likely to be encountered by primary care physicians are acute lymphoblastic, acute. The giemsa blood smear test is a test to detect blood parasites.
Peripheral blood smear does not contain blood sequestered in to spleen, liver. In some ways it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders. The smear is stained with wrights stain and performed after the complete blood count is run. Peripheral blood smear, preparation, examination, interpretation, reporting, blood cells morphology. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas.
Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Preparation of peripheral blood smear and staining procedure. Apr 23, 2014 a well made peripheral smear is thick at one end and progressively thinner at the opposite end. Blood smear analysis allows quantitation of the different types of leukocytes called the differential count, estimation of the platelet count, and detection of morphologic abnormalities that may be indicators of pathophysiologic processes. Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely satisfactory replacement for a blood smear. Microscopic examination of the peripheral blood smear is indicated to confirm lymphocytosis. The results of the peripheral smear are considered abnormal when there is an abnormality in the shape, size or number of cells in the blood sample. What is a peripheral smear, what will it indicate in the. The cbc includes enumeration of cellular elements, quantitation of hemoglobin, and statistical analyses that provide a snapshot of cell appearances. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation. A phlebotomist, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site with an antiseptic. Synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. Peripheral smear clues for bordetella pertussis blood.
Diagnosis from the blood smear new england journal. This has motivated researchers to develop different algorithms and methods to automate peripheral blood smear image analysis. Morphologic examination of the peripheral blood smear revealed numerous mature lymphocytes with. Peripheral blood smear examination linkedin slideshare. An examination of the blood smear may be requested by physicians or initiated by laboratory staff. May 01, 2015 peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. The test provides information on the number and shape of these cells, which can help doctors diagnose certain blood disorders or other.
A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology. The examination of blood films stained with wrights stain frequently provides important clues in the diagnosis of anemias and various disorders of. In some ways, it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders and. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters can be obtained within a few minutes. Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. The zone of morphology area of optimal thickness for light microscopic examination should be at least 2 cm in length. The key to an accurate peripheral blood examination is a goodquality peripheral blood smear with different zones that can be evaluated, dr. Peripheral blood morphology for hematological disorders remains a very important diagnostic tool give vital clues for further work up essential in situations where automated cell counter fails due to interferences peripheral blood smear examination a reflex test. As previously mentioned in rbc abnormalities, one takes a venous blood sample, and then it is submitted for a cbc analysis \. Complete blood count results revealed a white blood cell count of 38. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure.
Examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults. The peripheral film evaluation is the capstone of a panel of tests called the complete blood count cbc or hemogram. The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative exercises a physician can perform. Proper peripheral film evaluation is quite likely to be needed for some time. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells.
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. Video is prepared by the faculty and students of the department. Man vs machine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Most commonly blood smears are used for the differential leukocyte count dlc. The examination and interpretation of peripheral blood smears is an important component of clinical pathology. The manual examination of these images is tedious, timeconsuming and suffers from interobserver variation. It usually shows the presence of smudge cells, depicted in. Attention to detail in slide preparation, staining and standard criteria for cell estimates, morphology and differential reporting enhance the value of results provided to the physician.
Rbc histogram as supplementary diagnostic tool with peripheral smear examination in evaluating anaemia. It is used to diagnose diseases, such as malaria, which are caused by parasitic infections the collected blood sample is smeared onto a glass slide and stained with giemsa stain. A blood smear test is said to be normal when the sample of blood contains an optimum number of cells and the cells have a normal appearance. Peripheral blood smear examination 6 years ago by dr. Blood films are examined in the investigation of hematological blood disorders and are routinely employed to look for blood parasites, such as those of malaria and filariasis. A blood smear is a sample of blood thats tested on a specially treated slide.
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